Anglican Liturgy in the Personal Ordinariates

As Shawn Tribe has announced over at The New Liturgical Movement, contributors from The Anglo-Catholic will be participating in a cross-site discussion of the future of Anglican liturgy in the personal ordinariates to be erected under the provisions of the Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum Coetibus.  There is a significant overlap between the audiences of TLM and The Anglo-Catholic, but the two blogs have different areas of focus — and hopefully our joint discussion will broaden the horizon of this crucial topic.  In addition to the concerns of Anglican Use liturgy in particular, we will strive to explore the broader issue of vernacular liturgy in general and the place of an invigorated and widely-available Anglican Use in the so-called 'reform of the Reform'.

As we contemplate this collaborative effort, I am interested in getting the feedback of our readers.  What would you like to see from the proposed discussion?  To this point, much of the debate about future Anglican liturgy has been conducted in the comboxes of The Anglo-Catholic and other interested blogs — and not all of it has been particularly edifying.  As Mr. Tribe suggested when he first approached me with the idea of a cross-site study, we will endeavor to pursue the conversation in an ordered, well-reasoned, and dispassionate manner, drawing on the expertise of our several contributors, approaching the question from their varied backgrounds and interests.  Feel free to share your thoughts on this post, but please, no manifestos or laundry lists of required "features" for your perfect Anglican liturgy!  Help us to make this discussion as profitable as possible for all by identifying specific topics worthy of exploration.

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In his post, Mr. Tribe also quotes from Bishop Peter Elliott's paper What is this "Personal Ordinariate"? which he delivered to the meeting of Forward in Faith Australia and which we published on February 14, 2010.  I have reproduced the same section on liturgy below, with my emphases and comments in blue.

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A Postcript: The Future Liturgy of the Ordinariates

Anglianorum coetibus authorizes the Ordinariates to use books that carry the Anglican liturgical heritage: “so as to maintain the liturgical, spiritual and pastoral traditions of the Anglican Communion within the Catholic Church as a precious gift nourishing the faith of the members of the Ordinariate and as a treasure to be shared.” Note those last words. What the distinctive “Anglican rite” liturgy of the Ordinariate will be is yet to be worked out. When that project is completed it will need the recognition of the Holy See. But some speculation at this stage may be of interest.

Considering its history and strong influence in the first editions of the Book of Common Prayer, the Sarum Rite might well be a major source. Queen Mary I published a national edition of the Sarum Missal to replace all those missals for the diocesan uses that went into the fire when the first Book of Common Prayer appeared in 1549. Therefore the Sarum Use was the last version of the Roman Rite in England before the universal Missale Romanum, Roman Missal, was authorised by St Pius V in 1570. At the end of the nineteenth century when Westminster cathedral was being built, it was proposed that the Sarum Rite be revived as the use proper to the cathedral. Nothing came of this project, lost I suspect in the cross-currents of liturgical controversies and an Ultramontane trend to standardise liturgy along Counter-Reformation lines, even down to the shape of chasubles.

In 1541 (eight years before the publication of the Book of Common Prayer), Henry VIII ordered Convocation to suppress the uses of York, Bangor, and Hereford and ordered the universal adoption of the use of the diocese of Salisbury (the "Sarum Use"). This Use was the sacred liturgy of the Mass elaborated by St. Osmund around the year 1085. St. Osmund had come over to England with William the Conqueror in 1066 and was consecrated bishop of Salisbury in 1079.

The various editions of the Book of Common Prayer will obviously influence the preparation of this use for the Ordinariates. Yet a note of caution is necessary. Cranmer’s prose is majestic, but all his doctrine is not sound. Some editing will be needed to deal with expressions which are not in harmony with Catholic Faith, particularly those that come down from his severely Protestant 1552 edition of the Book of Common Prayer. In Anglo Catholic circles you have tried to manage these matters, as may be seen in the English Missal and the Anglican Missal.

It should be noted that the American 1928 Book of Common Prayer was accepted for use in the Western "rites" of several Orthodox jurisdictions with only very minor emendations and additions. For any traditional edition of the Book of Common Prayer, the edits required should be minor; I believe that this concern gets blown out of proportion. The rites of the Prayer-book should be judged by the text alone — not by the questionable private theological opinions of her editors.

I give one example that concerns me as a sacramental theologian. “Do this in remembrance of me” should never appear in a Catholic rite. “Do this in memory of me” is a more accurate rendering of the original languages and takes us away from “memorialism”. The meaning of the Eucharist as the great sacrificial Memorial is set out in the Catechism of the Catholic Church 1362-1367.

I would counter that "remembrance," "memorial," and "in memory" are all interchangeable in this context; they certainly are in the Prayer-book and in the Authorized Version of the Bible. Any confusion should be resolved — as it has been amongst Catholic Anglicans for centuries — through catechesis rather than the mutilation of the text.

From The Catholic Religion by Vernon Staley (pp. 247-249):

The Holy Eucharist is a feast upon a sacrifice. The Body and the Blood of Christ are first offered to the Eternal Father, and then partaken of by the communicants. This offering is termed by St. Paul "the shewing the Lord's death.""

In saying "This do in remembrance of Me," our Lord used words which here really mean,—

"OFFER THIS AS MY MEMORIAL BEFORE GOD."

It has often been shewn that the word translated "do," is very frequently used in the Greek Version of the Old Testament for "offer." It is so used in the following passages to which the reader may refer for himself: Ex. xxix. 36, 38, 39, 41; Lev. ix. 7, 16, 22 : xiv. 19: etc. In each of these places, the word translated "offer," is the same as that used by our Lord when He said, "Do this."

The Greek word for "remembrance" has likewise a distinctly sacrificial meaning. It is used but twice in the Old Testament, and but four times in the New. Three times in the New Testament the reference is to the Holy Eucharist. Let us briefly examine the three remaining passages, where the Greek word 1 I Cor. xi. 23, etc. * Ibid. 26.

In Heb. x. 3, we read,—"But in those sacrifices there is a remembrance again made of sins every year." The allusion is to the sacrifices offered yearly on the Day of Atonement. These sacrifices were offered to God, to procure pardon of the sins of the priesthood and of the nation. The high priest entered the Holy of Holies, where, unseen by man, he made "a remembrance of sins" before God. The same word is again used.

We have now examined the only three passages in the Bible in which the Greek word for "remembrance" is found, apart from the accounts of the institution of the Holy Eucharist. In each case it is used of A REMEMBRANCE BEFORE GOD, AND NOT BEFORE MAN; and it is only reasonable therefore to suppose that in those instances in which it is used of the Holy Eucharist, it is intended to express the same meaning which it has elsewhere in Holy Scripture, viz.; that of A MEMORIAL BEFORE GOD. That this is the true idea is confirmed by St. Paul's words spoken of the Holy Eucharist,— "For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till He come." (I Cor. ix. 26.) In connection with this important subject the reader is asked to refer to what was said on pages 195, 196, concerning the relation which exists between the Eucharistic Sacrifice and our Lord's pleading in heaven.

Next year a new ICEL translation of the Mass of the Roman Rite will come into effect. More gracious poetic English will mean that the beauty of the language used in the Ordinariates will not clash with the banal and inaccurate old ICEL “translation” we currently endure.

Deo gratias!

Let me add that an “Anglican use” will add to the diversity of uses that already exists within the Roman Rite, starting with the two forms. “ordinary” (Novus Ordo) and “extraordinary” (Usus antiquior, traditional Latin liturgy), and including efforts to revive the uses of religious orders and regional uses. In Milan there are now two forms of the venerable Ambrosian Rite, ordinary and extraordinary. This variety is reported from time to time in the New Liturgical Movement website, also an indicator of Pope Benedict’s liturgical project and vision.

One dream of mine is that the churches of the Ordinariate will resound with fine music – from Stanford to Palestrina, from Vaughan Williams to Bruckner. We need the kind of music that gives greater glory to God and also “a treasure to be shared” by all Catholics.

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Text of ACCA Petition for an Australian Personal Ordinariate

In response to the request of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (in the Holy See's reply to the October 2007 Petition) that Anglican groups intending to proceed under the terms of the Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum Coetibus indicate this desire in writing to that dicastery, the Australian province of the Traditional Anglican Communion, the Anglican Catholic Church in Australia, has petitioned the Holy See for the erection of a personal ordinariate for that country.

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Traditional Anglican Communion
Synod of the Anglican Catholic Church in Australia (Q) Inc
ABN 38 446 364 827
Archbishop John Hepworth

His Eminence William Cardinal Levada
Congregazione per la Dottrina Della Fede
Palazzo del S. Uffizio
00120 Vatican City

Your Eminence,

Prot. N. 217/08-30924

The bishops of the Anglican Catholic Church in Australia  (a province of the Traditional Anglican Communion) express their profound gratitude to you for your positive response of December 16th 2009 to our Letter to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith of October 5th 2007 in which we expressed our desire to “seek a communal and ecclesial way of being Anglican Catholics in communion with the Holy See, at once treasuring the full expression of catholic faith and treasuring our tradition within which we have come to this moment.”

We have read and studied with care the Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum Coetibus with the Complementary Norms and the accompanying Commentary, as well as the initial statement from your Dicastery at the time of your press conference with Archbishop DiNoia.

And now, in response to your invitation to contact your Dicastery to begin the process you outline, we respectfully ask

  • that the Apostolic Constitution be implemented in Australia;
  • that we may establish an interim Governing Council consisting of the two suffragan bishops (who serve both the Anglican Catholic Church in Australia and Forward in Faith Australia), the Chancellor and Vicar General of the Anglican Catholic Church in Australia (both priests), a priest from the Council of Forward in Faith Australia, and a priest from among the former Anglican clergy who are now Catholic priests in Australia and who have indicated a desire to be incardinated into the Australian Ordinariate once it is formed.
  • and that this interim Council be given the task and authority to propose to His Holiness a terna for appointment of the initial Ordinary.

We are working with Bishop Peter Elliott, who has been nominated by the Australian Conference of Catholic Bishops to liaise with us in the formation of the Ordinariate.

We also note that the Church of Torres Strait, a separate province of the Traditional Anglican Communion for Islanders resident in the Torres Strait and throughout Australia, is making a separate response through its bishop, Tolowa Nona.

We attach the resolution of the Council of Forward in Faith Australia also seeking the implementation of the Apostolic Constitution at this time.  The Traditional Anglican Communion in this country and Forward in Faith have been working very closely for many years.

We are also in conversation with Anglican parishes and individuals (both clergy and laity) who have indicated a desire to explore more deeply the pathway to unity with the Catholic Church opened by the Constitution.

In the last week of July, a National Synod will be held in Queensland to bring together all those who have indicated a firm desire to be part of the proposed Ordinariate.  The Synod has the power to enact legal and canonical legislation to give practical effect to a positive decision for Unity.

With continued expressions of appreciation for the generosity of the Holy Father in gathering the Anglicans into the fullness of Eucharistic communion,

Yours sincerely in Christ,

+John Hepworth, Diocesan Bishop

+David Robarts, Bishop of the Southern Region; Chairman of Forward in Faith Australia

+Harry Entwistle, Bishop of the Western Region; Council of Forward in Faith Australia

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Realistic Expectations

On another post, we recently received a comment bemoaning the fact that, despite media reports that his "conversion" was imminent, a certain Church of England bishop (i.e. The Right Rev. John Hind, Bishop of Chichester, whose remarks at the time were misconstrued) had not yet swum the Tiber.  "It never came to pass," the commenter lamented.  What a remarkably myopic perspective some people have!

I shouldn't have to point out that it's only been three and a half months since the Apostolic Constitution and its Complementary Norms were released (and there is evidence to suggest that their announcement several weeks earlier was premature).  The personal ordinariates proposed in these documents do not yet exist.  The Holy See has defined only the contours of the scheme; the details of its implementation must still be negotiated by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith with the various Anglican constituencies involved.  Basic practical questions remain unanswered.  Specific legal norms and statutes must be drawn-up for each new personal ordinariate.  And, it should also go without saying that, as Anglicans, we have our own synodical processes with which to contend.

But things are happening.  Yesterday, I provided an abridged timeline:

Just this past Saturday, Forward in Faith Australia directed its National Council “to foster by every means the establishing of an Ordinariate in Australia.” In just a few days, on February 22, the Feast of the Chair of St. Peter, Anglicans in Forward in Faith UK, led by the provincial episcopal visitors, will be praying for discernment.  Beginning on March 1, the House of Bishops of the Anglican Church in America (TAC) will convene in Orlando, Florida; the ACA bishops, together with Primate John Hepworth, will be joined on March 2 by representatives of FiF UK (the Bishop of Fulham) and the Anglican Use/Pastoral Provision in the USA.  This conference will be an important step in formulating our response to Anglicanorum Coetibus.  In mid-March, bishops of the TAC and Forward in Faith will be in Rome to consult with the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and to seek clarification on a number of important points.  In Low Week, the College of Bishops of the Traditional Anglican Communion will meet in Rome.  And it is expected that the first personal ordinariates will be erected as soon as the end of June 2010.

Anglicanorum Coetibus was primarily aimed at the Traditional Anglican Communion, which formally petitioned the Holy See in October of 2007 for such a mechanism to effect corporate reunion with the Catholic Church.  After prayer and reflection, this historic appeal on the part of the bishops and vicars-general of the TAC was unanimous and ultimately expressed in the solemn act of signing the Catechism of the Catholic Church, its Compendium, and the Petition to the Holy See in the context of Holy Mass.  In the intervening two years, there have been minor changes in the makeup of the TAC College of Bishops, and, of course, the bishops now have the Holy Father's offer in hand, but the commitment of the Communion remains solid.  As Archbishop Hepworth stated in a letter to members of the College of Bishops only yesterday:

…it is the policy of our College, and therefore of the whole Traditional Anglican Communion, to seek unity with the Holy See in the terms of the Petition.

But while the TAC is committed to moving forward — and as expeditiously as possible — the practical considerations which derive from the corporate nature of this transition must not be underestimated.  Apart from concerns about liturgy, ordination, and the process for the reception of laity which must be referred to the Holy See, there are complex legal and organizational questions peculiar to the present configuration of TAC entities which must be addressed.  How do we migrate our existing legal structures, property, trusts, &c. into the new personal ordinariates?  How will we maintain the bonds of communion with — and honor our commitments to — those who remain behind or have yet to make the transition?

And, of course, FiF UK (the other significant group to whom the Apostolic Constitution was addressed) has unique problems of its own…

I want to reassure the readers of The Anglo-Catholic that there is a tremendous amount of work going on behind the scenes to answer these challenging questions to which I have alluded.  Much depends on next month's meeting of Anglican bishops with the CDF; only in the aftermath of this consultation will we have received clarification on a number of key issues.  Having established the foundational points, things will finally begin to proceed apace.  The bishops of the TAC and Forward in Faith have much work ahead of them — curial consultations, episcopal conferences, presbyteral councils, standing committee meetings, synods must all be conducted — and the next several months will, no doubt, be stressful for the faithful shepherds who have brought us thus far.  Please pray for them!

It is understandable that many people are anxious.  After all, we have seen human pride — both on the part of Anglicans and Roman Catholics — scuttle many a scheme for reunion.  But those to whom the Apostolic Constitution is addressed are pressing ahead.  I would simply caution folks to have realistic expectations.  It has taken faithful Anglican Catholics over four hundred years to reach this point — another six months or so is not that much more to ask!  To despair of the fact that hundreds of thousands of Anglicans have not yet been received into the Catholic Church via the (non-existant) personal ordinariates is extraordinarily naïve and such an attitude can not help but mislead people who are not well-informed.  By all reasonable standards, this process is moving at an extremely rapid pace.

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To Foster by Every Means

Forward in Faith Australia has just published the following statement regarding the special general meeting held this past Saturday.  Note the joint working group with the TAC.  More on that later.  The FiF Australia National Chairman is Assistant Bishop of the Diocese of Australia and Bishop of the Southern Apostolic District in the TAC.

FORWARD IN FAITH AUSTRALIA INCORPORATED

A Special General Meeting of Members of Forward in Faith Australia Inc. was held on Saturday 13 February at All Saints Kooyong in Melbourne to consider the following recommendations from the National Council regarding the future direction of the Association.

  1. That this Special General Meeting of FiFA receives with great gratitude the Apostolic Constitution “Anglicanorum Coetibus” of Pope Benedict XVI and directs the National Council to foster by every means the establishing of an Ordinariate in Australia. And furthermore this Special General Meeting reaffirms its commitment to provide care and support for those who at this time feel unable to be received into the Ordinariate.
  2. That we warmly welcome the appointment of Bishop Peter Elliott as delegate of the Australian Catholic Bishops’ Conference in the project to establish a Personal Ordinariate in this country.
  3. That we note the formation of a working group with Bishop Elliott comprising Members of Forward in Faith Australia, the Traditional Anglican Communion, and the Anglican Church of Australia, to set in train the processes necessary for establishing an Australian Ordinariate.
  4. That we give notice as to the establishing of Friends of the Australian Ordinariate and invite members of Forward in Faith Australia and other interested persons for expressions of interest by provision of names and addresses at this meeting, or by contacting the Chairman, noting that this does not commit interested persons to joining the Ordinariate.

The Meeting passed each of these Resolutions unanimously. The Right Reverend David Robarts OAM. National Chairman.

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